Abnormalities the Dentist is Looking for During Dental Cleanings

Biannual dental cleanings or checkups are essential to maintaining optimal oral health. During the checkups, many believe the main priority is to remove plaque and tartar. However, while dental cleanings are a major aspect, these appointments enable the dentist to inspect your mouth for any abnormalities that may worsen if left untreated.

Tooth decay

Tooth decay, or the formation of dental caries, is a prevalent problem in patients of all ages. They occur when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode the tooth enamel. During a dental cleaning, the dentist uses special instruments to carefully examine the surface of each tooth for any signs of decay. While there may be obvious signs, such as discoloration or dark spots on the enamel (the tooth's surface layer), the dentist may also feel for soft or rough spots. In addition, every few years or if decay is detected, the dentist will order an X-ray to see the extent of it within the tooth.

Gum disease

Periodontal disease, or gum disease, can slowly creep into view. If it takes over the mouth, it can have damaging consequences. Gum disease can lead to pain, chronic bad breath, tooth loss, gum recession, and jawbone loss. In its early stages, gum disease is treatable, but it can only be managed if it advances. Therefore, early detection and intervention can be pivotal for a patient's oral health.

During the dental cleaning, the dentist will carefully examine the gums to ensure they are healthy and firm. More noticeable signs of gum disease include inflammation, redness, swelling, or bleeding. Additionally, they will measure the depths of spaces between the teeth and gums, known as pockets. Deep pockets suggest advanced gum disease, and shallow pockets suggest healthy gum tissue.

Oral cancer

Oral cancer is a life-threatening disease that can attack a patient at any age, making it all the more necessary for the dentist to screen patients during their dental cleanings. It can affect various areas of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, gums, throat, and cheeks. That said, it is important to note that a screening is not a diagnosis. If the dentist has enough evidence to suspect oral cancer, they will recommend the patient to a specialist for a formal diagnosis.

The screening itself takes only a few minutes, and the patient rarely knows when it is being performed. During the screening, the dentist examines the mouth for sores, white or red patches, lumps, discoloration, or other unusual changes. Early detection of oral cancer is crucial in increasing the chances of a successful treatment.

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